Real power loss reduction by dolphin swarm algorithm

Received Apr 29, 2019 Revised Aug 20, 2019 Accepted Nov 2, 2019 In this work Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) has been applied to solve the optimal reactive power problem. Dolphins have numerous remarkable natural distinctiveness and living behavior such as echolocation, information interactions, collaboration, and partition of labor. Merging these natural distinctiveness and living behavior with swarm intelligence has been modeled to solve the reactive power problem. Proposed Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14,300 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss extensively.


INTRODUCTION
Reactive power problem plays a key role in secure and economic operations of power system. Optimal reactive power problem has been solved by variety of types of methods [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Nevertheless, numerous scientific difficulties are found while solving problem due to an assortment of constraints. Evolutionary techniques [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] are applied to solve the reactive power problem, but the main problem is many algorithms get stuck in local optimal solution & failed to balance the Exploration & Exploitation during the search of global solution. In this work Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) has been applied to solve the optimal reactive power problem. The whole process of dolphin's predation consists of three stages. In the primary phase, every dolphin separately takes benefit of sounds to explore for close by preys and to assess the nearby environment using echoes. In the second phase, dolphins swap their information. When dolphins received information then it moves towards the prey and it has been surrounded by other dolphins. In the final phase, the prey is encircled by the dolphins to consume the food; it indicates that predation is accomplished. Proposed Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14,300 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss extensively.

PROBLEM FORMULATION
Objective of the problem is to reduce the true power loss Voltage deviation given as follows Voltage deviation given by 3. SPINNER DOLPHIN SWARM ALGORITHM Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) is employed primarily by replicating the natural features and living behaviour by a dolphin. In this work = [ , , . . , ] = (1,2, . . , ), where N is the number of dolphins and ( = 1,2, . . , ) component to be optimized [17].
Individual optimal solution (indicated as L) and neighbourhood optimal solution (indicated as K) are two variables connected with the dolphin. For each (i=1, 2, …, N), there are two corresponding variables Li (i=1, 2, …, N) and Ki (i=1, 2, …, N), where Li symbolize the optimal solution that finds in a distinct time and Ki the optimal solution of what locate by itself. In the proposed algorithm, there are three types of distances are utilized as in sum. The primary is the distance between and named , which is designed as follows , = − , = 1,2, . . , , ≠ = ‖ − ‖ = 1,2, . . , = ‖ − ‖ = 1,2, . . , In exploration phase, every dolphin explores its close proximity area by creation of sounds towards M arbitrary directions Fitness value is computed as follows, When, Individual solution is determined by = Modernized by Search radius is represented by Encircling radius can be computed by

SIMULATION RESULTS
At first in standard IEEE 14 bus system the validity of the proposed Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) has been tested & comparison results are presented in Table 1.

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Then IEEE 300 bus system [19] is used as test system to validate the performance of the Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA). Table 2 shows the comparison of real power loss obtained after optimization.

CONCLUSION
In this work Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) has been successfully solved the optimal reactive power problem. The biological characteristics of spinner dolphin and its living behaviour have been imitated to model the algorithm; which are explore phase, call phase, reaction phase, and predation phase. Proposed Spinner Dolphin Swarm Algorithm (SDSA) has been tested in standard IEEE 14,300 bus test system and simulation results show the projected algorithm reduced the real power loss extensively.