The impact of fast charging technology on battery longevity in electric vehicles

Abstract

Fast charging technology has revolutionized the electric vehicle (EV) industry by addressing range anxiety and significantly reducing charging times. However, this convenience introduces challenges concerning battery longevity, as high charging currents and elevated temperatures accelerate battery degradation. This paper investigates the mechanisms through which fast charging impacts lithium-ion batteries, including thermal stress, lithium plating, and mechanical wear. It synthesizes findings from various studies, highlighting how fast charging can shorten battery lifespan by up to 20-30% compared to standard charging methods. Strategies to mitigate these effects, such as advanced materials, adaptive charging protocols, and efficient thermal management systems, are discussed. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of standards and policies to promote sustainable fast charging practices. By balancing charging speed with long-term battery health, the EV industry can achieve widespread adoption while ensuring sustainability. This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the trade-offs associated with fast charging and offers actionable insights for improving EV battery durability.