Designing framework for standardization and testing requirements of rain radar in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia’s tropical environment requires advanced rainfall monitoring systems to strengthen disaster early warning capabilities. However, the absence of a dedicated national standard for rain radar has limited domestic technology growth and interoperability. This study develops a framework for the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for rain radar by integrating the framework for analysis, comparison, and testing of standards (FACTS) with structural equation modeling (SEM). Stakeholder requirements were systematically analyzed and translated into technical specifications, benchmarked against International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards, and statistically validated. SEM results indicate that performance parameters (β =0.70) and testing methods (β =0.76) are the most influential components of the framework. The validated model establishes five essential domains—system specifications, testing procedures, calibration and maintenance, installation criteria, and system control. The resulting FACTS-SEM framework provides a robust, evidence-based foundation for developing and validating meteorological instrumentation standards suited to Indonesia’s tropical context.